Is bounded on the north by Pyder Hundred, on the east by West Hundred, on the south by the English Channel, and on the west by Kerrier Hundred. It is separated into eastern and western divisions.

EASTERN DIVISION.

      ST. AUSTELL, on the river Vinnick, 34 miles S.W. from Launceston, and 245 from London, contains 937 houses and 6175 inhabitants, including the hamlets of Carvath, Corbean, Pentuan, Porthpean, Rescorla, Tregonissy, Tregorick, Trenarren, Trethergy, Trevarnick, and Charles Town. St. Austell first rose to consequence as a town, from its vicinity to Polgooth and other mines. That celebrated tin mine, said to be the richest ever worked in England, which is about two miles south-westward of the town, has not been worked for many years, although its profits are even said to have exceeded 20,000l. per annum. The market here, which is on Friday, was granted in 1661 to Oliver Sawle and Henry Carlyon, in trust for the poor, together with two fairs for cattle, on St. Andrew's day, and on the Thursday in the Whitsun week. It is a considerable market for corn, as well as other articles. The sessions for the eastern division of the hundred are held here. It is a vicarage, value 21l., in the patronage of the crown. The church, which stands nearly in the centre of the town, has a very handsome tower, one of the finest in the county: the font is very ancient, and is in form of a bowl, supported by a pedestal, having four slender pillars on the outside; the font itself is covered with ornaments, consisting of animals, foliage, &c., deemed of Anglo-Saxon workmanship; the four pillars have monks' heads as capitals, and circular bases of simple mouldings. In the church are some monuments of the family of Sawle of Penrice, the last heir male of which, John Sawle, died in 1789. The monument was put up by his maiden sister, Mary, the last survivor of the family. There is a monument also for the family of May, of High Cross.
      Charles Town, or Porthmear, on the sea coast, at the western side of Polkerris or Tywardreth Bay, is a populous village, with a harbour, docks, &c.; a pier was built in 1791, and a pilchard fishery, established by Charles Rashleigh, Esq., lord of the manor of St. Austell. Southward of Charles Town, is Ropehorn Pier, for small craft. The bay is formed by Predmouth Point on the east, and Black Head on the west.
      Near St. Austell, are Duporth, the seat of Charles Rashleigh, Esq.; Penrice, which has a deer park, the seat of Joseph Sawle Grave, Esq.; Trevarnick, the seat of H. Lakes, Esq.; and Trewiddle, the seat of Francis Polkinhorne, Esq. Mena Gwins was the seat of Richard Scobell, clerk of the parliament to Oliver Cromwell, but is now a farm house, belonging to Thomas Carlyon, Esq., to whom it descended by a coheiress from the Scobells. Knighton, on the Treverbin estate, was formerly a seat of the Trevanions of Carhayes. In this parish is also the famous stone quarry of Pentuan, or Port Towan, from which many of the churches and gentlemen's seats in the county have been built. The Pentuan rail-road, from St. Austell Bridge to Pentuan Pier, is one of the most curious in England. The bay of Mevagissey from this point presents a very pleasing view, with the town of Mevagissey only two miles distant.
      There are quarries in the neighbourhood of St. Austell which produce what is commonly called china clay; sometimes not less than 1000 tons per year are shipped at Charles Town, for Bristol, Liverpool, and Wales, and from those places sent into Staffordshire, where it is manufactured into porcelain.
      At Menacuddle, under a hill, is the Chapel Well, over which is an ancient building; the waterfall is near the road to Roche, but being in a wood is not easily seen from it. In the same direction, about two miles north from St. Austell, is Carclaze tin mine, on the summit of an elevated tract of barren land, from which the prospect is every way extensive. In its general appearance, the mine resembles an enormous crater, varying in depth from twenty to twenty-two fathoms, and comprising a superficies of about twelve acres: its margin, including irregularities, exceeding a mile in circuit. The lodes are numerous, but not large, and as they approach the surface, the metalliferous veins become more various and ramified; yet, in their descent they conjoin, and occasionally furnish very rich branches of tin. In every direction the ground is more or less impregnated with this valuable ore. Before the open workings were sunk to their present depth, the ore, or tin stuff, dug out by the miners, was conveyed, in its way to the pulverizing mills, in boats, through an audit or tunnel, formed in the side of the hill; but the mouth of the audit having fallen in, that method of conveyance was abandoned. The water and refuse are at present carried off by means of an open drain on the enclosed plain, but the ore itself is pulverized and refined in stamping mills, erected within the excavation. A view of this mine, by T. Allom, a painter of extraordinary and various talent, has been engraved for "Fisher's Views in Cornwall."
      Hensborough, which Carew, in his survey, calls the Archbeacon of Cornwall, commanding a most extensive prospect over Devonshire, and almost the whole of Cornwall to the Land's End, is partly in this parish and partly in that of Roche.

      ST. BLAZEY, on the river which falls into the bay of Polkerris, 4 miles N.E. from St. Austell, contains 163 houses and 938 inhabitants, including the hamlet of Biscovey, and part of the village of Par. Here is an annual fair on the 3d February, the festival of St. Blaize, to whom the parish church is dedicated; it is a curacy to the vicarage of St. Austell. In the chancel of the church is a monument of Henry Scobell. treasurer and paymaster of the farm-tin to Queen Anne.
      Tregrehan, a mansion built in the early part of the last century, is the seat of Thomas Carlyon, Esq. Roselian was successively the seat of the Trehawes, Kellios, and Scobells, and belonged afterwards to John Deeble, Esq., by whom it was devised to John, father of Richard Rogers, Esq., the present owner. Trenavisick, rebuilt about the latter end of the seventeenth century, is the property of the Edward Carthew, Esq. of Liskeard.

      CARHAYES, or Caerhays, on the English Channel, 9 miles S.W. from St. Austell, and 4 miles S. from Grampound, contains 28 houses and 174 inhabitants. The church, dedicated to St. Michael, is a rectory united with St. Denis and St. Stephen Brannell, value 37l. 10s. 7d. Carhayes, the seat of John Bettesworth Trevanion, Esq., was built from designs by Nash, in 1812, and presents the architectural character of the semicastellated buildings of the olden time, harmonising well with the picturesque wildness of the surrounding scenery.
      The walls of the mansion are composed of the rough slaty stone of the immediate neighbourhood, coyned and parapetted with the china stone, peculiar to the county. The southern front, one hundred and sixty feet in extent, is elevated on an embattled terrace, whence the grounds slope with considerable declivity to a rapid stream. The entrance porch, on the north, is on the inner side of a spacious square tower, perforated by arches, which admit of a carriage way to the door. The principal rooms are upon the southern and eastern fronts, and are connected with other apartments by a gallery of considerable dimensions, at the end of which is the staircase; this portion of the building is designed with great taste and admits of a variety of heraldic enrichments. The windows of the hall and dining room have their mullions appropriately fitted with the brilliant hues of painted glass; that on the staircase, of noble size, contains the badges of the Earls and Dukes of Cornwall, with selections from the armorial distinctions and alliances of the family of Trevanion, by Willement, arranged with considerable attention to coeval propriety.
      Carhayes is noticed in the early histories of Cornwall, as one of the few seats in the county that possessed an enclosed park; it still retains that distinction; an elevated walk towards the sea, is called the watch-house walk, and traces of such a building are to be discerned. From this point a magnificent sea view is attained, extending to the Lizard point, and enlivened by the constant traffic of the Channel. On the opposite point of the beach is a monument, commemorating Captain Bettesworth, R.N. In a county celebrated for the antiquity of its gentry, the family of Trevanion stands eminent; they derived this estate from the Arundells of Trerice, by marriage, as early as the reign of Edward III. In Polwhele's poem, "Isabel of Cothele," founded on events that occurred in the time of Queen Mary; Sir William Trevanion appears as a very principal personage. Queen Elizabeth appointed Charles Trevanion, of Carhayes, vice-admiral of the western coast. In the year 1710, John Trevanion, of Carhayes, married the daughter of Lord Berkeley, of Stratton, and about the same time, her sister was united to an ancestor of Lord Byron, the poet. The arms of King Henry VIII., in a compartment of stone, part of the old house, are judiciously replaced in the modern edifice; this sculpture affords a curious specimen of the manner in which heraldic subjects were then composed. It has been engraved as a frontispiece to Willement's "Regal Heraldry.'

      ST. DENIS, 4 miles S.E. from St. Columb, contains 67 houses and 592 inhabitants, including the hamlet of Hendra. It is a curacy to the rectory of Carhayes.

      ST. EWE, 6 miles S. from St. Austell, and 3 miles W. from Mevagissey, contains 269 houses and 1663 inhabitants, including the hamlets of Polmasick and Crowswin. It is a rectory, value 21l. In the church are monuments of the Penkivills of Pensiquillis; of Robert Quarme, obit. 1708; of William Mohun, the last of that name and family, obit. 1737; and monuments of the Tredenham family of Tregonan. In the north aisle, belonging to the Tregonan estate, is a monument of one of the Scobell family.
      Lanhadron, in this parish, was an ancient seat of the Arundells of Lanherne. Norden says, "There is an oke within the circuit of this decayde parke, called Arondells oke, which is sayde to bear leaves as whyte as whyte paper." Hellegan House, built by Sir John Tremayne, serjeant at law in 1692, is the seat of his descendant, the Rev. Henry Hawkins Tremayne, it is beautifully situated amidst plantations of recent date, with fine gardens and shrubberies, embellished with taste, and a delightful walk to a battery, close to the sea shore. Trevithick, on the Tregyan estate, was the seat of the Hicks family, a branch of the Gloucestershire family of the same name, till the death of John Hicks, Esq., without issue, in 1734. Lithney, or Luny, was a seat of the Mohun family, and was rebuilt in 1700; it now belongs to the Earl of Mount Edgecumbe.

      FOWEY, on the English Channel, and western bank of the river of the same name, 24 miles W. from Devonport, 31 miles E. from Falmouth, and 244 miles from London, contains 283 houses and 1455 inhabitants. This ancient borough town is situated in one of the most delightful and romantic parts of the county. The foundations of the houses are composed of a hard bluish slate, and the principal street extends a mile in length. Fowey harbour is esteemed the best outlet to the westward of any in the west of England; is safe at all times, has excellent anchorage, and vessels may enter at the lowest tide, drawing three fathoms of water, and go into deeper water above. The shores are bold and free from danger; ships in distress may run in with perfect safety without either cable or anchor; it may be easily known to seamen, by the narrowness of its entrance, and the high land on each side, the entrance is little more than a cable's length across. On the western side stands St. Katherine's castle, and on the eastern side are the remains of an old church, dedicated to St. Saviour. The only danger to be avoided, is the Canness, a ledge of rocks, about a quarter of a mile southward of Predmouth Point, and which may be seen at half ebb tide. There is a considerable pilchard fishery at Fowey, but the port is now almost bereft of trade, being frequented only by timber and coal ships, London traders and country barges. Pilchards are exported hence to the West Indies, Malta, &c. Other kinds of fish are also to be purchased in season, and the river abounds with very fine salmon. A market is held weekly, on Saturday, for butchers' meat and other provisions, and there are annual fairs on Shrove Tuesday, 1st May, and 10th September. The town of Fowey was incorporated by King James II., and a second charter was granted by King William and Queen Mary, in 1690. The corporation consists of a mayor, recorder, eight aldermen, and a town clerk. The seal of the borough bears a shield charged with a ship of three masts, on the sea, with topsails furled, and inscribed "Sigillum Opidi de Fowey, Anno. Dom. 1702." The church, dedicated to St. Fimbarrus, the first bishop of Cork, is a vicarage, value 10l. It was rebuilt, and its present handsome tower erected in 1466. In the chancel is a large slab of Purbeck marble, with an intagliated brass plate, in memory of Sir John Treffry, who died in the year 1500, and his two brothers, William and Thomas. A monument of John Rashleigh, obit. 1580; Jonathan Rashleigh, of Menabilly, who died in 1675; and several others belonging to those families. In the reign of Charles I., Philip Rashleigh, Esq. built and endowed an alms house for eight widows, whose weekly allowance has been increased, as they are prohibited from receiving any other stipend. On an eminence, near the church, is Place House, or Treffry House, built about the period of Henry VI. reign, and restored with great care by its present owner, Joseph Thomas Austen, Esq., descended from the original founder. The apartments in this remarkably curious ancient mansion are numerous, and the offices extensive. In the old hall, now the dining room. is an oak ceiling, richly carved, and upon the walls are the arms of Treffry and Tresithney, the royal arms of Elizabeth, and the arms and quarterings of Francis Russell, second Earl of Bedford, K.G., with the date 1575, but the arms of Treffry appear of earlier date. In the hall fire-place is a curious pair of brass and-irons, upwards of four feet in height, of Queen Elizabeth's time. In an adjoining room the ceiling is of plaster trowel work, wrought by a person who had been employed in similar enrichments for the Prince of Orange, at the Hague, about 1750; the room contains a picture of "The Wise Men's Offering," by Holbein, and also a portrait of Hugh Peters the celebrated chaplain to Oliver Cromwell, painted in 1627. His mother was one of the Treffry family, and he himself was born at Fowey.
      Within the limits of the port at Fowey, at Par, about four miles north-westward from the town, Mr. Austen, of Place House, is now building a pier and break water, to protect the harbour, intended to communicate with a canal, cut from the copper mine, in 1829, which will be extended to the granite hills, in Luxulion and Lanlivery parishes, from which an inexhaustible supply of granite, of almost every variety, may be obtained.
      On the opposite side of the river Fowey, is Polruan, in the parish of Lanteglos.

      GORRAN, 6 miles S. from St. Austell, and 2 miles S.W. from Mevagissey, contains 218 houses and 1203 inhabitants, including Port East, or Gorranhaven, on the coast of the British Channel, Boswringan, Pennair, Rescassa, Tregavaras, Trevarick, and Porthmellin, a fishing cove. The church, dedicated to St. Goran, is a vicarage, value 20l., in the patronage of the Bishop of Exeter. In the chancel is a monument of Richard Edgecumbe of Bodrugan, obit. 1656, and monuments of the Slade and Trevanion families. The house belonging to the rectorial estate, is called Polgarran, it was rebuilt by Anthony Wills, who, with his six sons joined the Prince of Orange on his landing at Torbay. Polgarran was afterwards the residence of Thomas Tonkin, the antiquary. Above Goloures wood, in this parish, is Castle Hill, the site probably of a residence of the Hewish family, and from whom the estate passed to the Coleshills.
      Bodrugan castle, the seat of an ancient family of that name, was formerly very extensive, and not equalled by any in Cornwall, for magnificence; but a chapel, a hall, and kitchen, with a timber roof, erected about the period of Edward I. reign, were pulled down in 1786. A large barn, capable of containing 1000 bushels of wheat in the straw, remains. Sir Henry Bodrugan was in arms against the Earl of Richmond, and was defeated on a moor, not far from his own castle, by Sir Richard Edgecumbe and Sir Hugh Trevanion: it is said he made his escape by a desperate leap from a cliff into the sea, where a boat was ready to receive him. Having been attainted in the reign of Henry VII., he fled into Ireland, and his large estates were seized by the crown. The Bodrugan estate was granted to Sir Richard Edgecumbe, and now belongs to his descendant, the Earl of Mount Edgecumbe.
      At Gorran Haven is an ancient pier, said to have been constructed by one of the Bodrugan family. This little fishing town is supposed to have been formerly of more consequence than at present, great quantities of pilchards are here taken and cured, and coals are also imported.

      LADOCK, or Lassick, 7 miles N.E. from Truro, contains 122 houses and 806 inhabitants, including the hamlet of Bedock, or Besock. The church, dedicated to St. Ladoca, is a rectory, value 18l. The Rev. John Eliot, rector of Ladock and Truro, who died in 1760, bequeathed property towards endowing six schools in this county, one of which was at Ladock.
      Nansough, which belonged formerly to the family of Wise, is the residence of Charles Andrew, Esq.; and Hay, a seat of the Randylls, and afterwards of the Hearles, is now the property of Samuel Stephens, Esq.

      LANLIVERY, 2 miles W. from Lostwithiel, and 5 miles S. from Bodmin, contains 211 houses and 1318 inhabitants, including Penkneth, Penlyne, and Restormel. The church, dedicated to St. Brevita, is a vicarage, value 13l. 6s. 8d. In the chancel are monuments for several of the family of Kendall, of Pelyn, the earliest of which is that of Walter Kendall, obit. 1547. The church, sometimes called Lanvork, or the church of St. Vork, formerly belonged to the monastery of Tywardreth.
      Restormel Castle, about a mile northward from Lostwithiel, was a seat of the Cardinham family, and was probably built by one of them. In the year 1264, it was in the possession of Thomas Tracy, who married the heiress of that ancient baronial family. He afterwards surrended this castle and barony of Cardinham, to Ralph Arundell to be held on behalf of Simon de Montfort, for security. Restormel Castle, not long afterwaids, came into the possession of the Earls of Cornwall, and has ever since continued to be annexed to the Duchy. At a very early period it was suffered to decay, but in the time of the civil war, notwithstanding the ruinous condition of the castle, such was its commanding situation, that it was deemed expedient to repair it as a place of defence, and it became a garrison for the parliament, but was taken by Sir Richard Grenville, for the king, 21st August, 1644. Some of the walls of this castle, covered with ivy, still exist on the edge of a lofty eminence; but the principal part now remaining, is the keep tower, a circular building of large dimension, situated on a steep mount, formed out out of a rocky hill, with a deep ditch. The outer wall, or rampart of the Keep, is an exact circle of 110 feet diameter within, and 10 feet wide at the top, including the thickness of the parapet, which is 2 feet 6 inches. The openings have pointed arches, and the gatehouse and chapel, both of which project from the circular keep, and have also pointed arches, are supposed to have been additions made by Richard Earl of Cornwall, in the reign of Henry III. The offices were below the base court, where walls which formerly existed to the north and east of the castle, showed that it was of great extent. There was also a chapel in the park, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, near the site of Restormel House, which is occupied by a tenant of the Earl of Mount Edgecumbe, who has a lease of the castle, park, and manor of Restormel.

      LOSTWITHIEL, or Lestwhithiel, on the river Fowey, 6 miles S. from Bodmin, 28 miles W. from Devonport, and 237 from London, contains 155 houses and 933 inhabitants. The town was incorporated by King James I. in 1623, and the charter was renewed by King George II. in 1732. The corporation consists of seven capital burgesses, one of whom is annually elected mayor, and seventeen assistants. The ancient seal of the borough, used in the reign of Henry IV., bears the representation of a castle, over a stream of water, in which a fish is swimming, with the inscription "S. officii de Manor de Lostiel." The modern seal is a large one, bearing a shield, charged with the same device, and inscribed, "Sigillum Burgi de Lostwithyel et Penknight in Cornubia, 1732." There is a weekly market, on Friday, held by prescription, and a corn market. There are three annual fairs, for the sale of horses, cattle, sheep, &c., on 10th July, 4th September, and 13th November. A building, which is supposed to have been a palace of the Earls of Cornwall, and the same that was erected by Edmund Earl of Cornwall, for his court of exchequer, with a hall, &c., is yet standing. In the hall were held the stannary parliaments. Here also is the Stannary Court, with a prison adjoining, the only one in the county belonging to the stannaries, used occasionally by the county during the sessions. The sessions are held at the Town Hall, in Fore Street, which was built in 1740, by Lord Mount Edgecumbe. The church, dedicated to St. Bartholomew, is a vicarage, value 2l. 13s. 4d., in the patronage of the crown. It is said that the edifice was profaned by soldiers, in 1644, when the town was the head quarters of the Earl of Essex, and that the church was then injured by an explosion of gunpowder. The font is remarkably curious and very ancient. It is octagonal, and of large dimensions, standing on a pedestal and four clustered pillars; the different sides are sculptured in relief, with various subjects, amongst which are the crucifixion, a man on horseback, with his hawk and horn, and dog at his side. In the chancel is a monument of Tristram Curtys, who died in 1423, he was member of parliament for Lostwithiel, in 1421, and members of his family had occasionally represented this borough in parliament from the time of Edward I. The parish of Lostwithiel is of small extent, comprising only a few meadows and orchards adjoining the town. The river Fowey, or Fawy, rises at Fawy Well, in the parish of Alternon, not far from Brownwilly, one of the highest hills in the county, and passing between St. Neot's and St. Cleer, takes a westerly course to Respryn Bridge, which crosses the river, in the road from Liskeard to Bodmin. Three miles below this bridge, it reaches Lostwithiel, to which town it is navigable, at high water, for small vessels. It afterwards receives the water of Pelyn brook, and passing St. Sampson's and Tywardreth on the west, and St. Veep on the east, is joined by Leryn creek, and becomes a wide and deep haven at Fowey, where it falls into the sea, after a course of twenty-six miles.

      LUXULION, on the river Par, 4 miles S.W. from Lostwithiel, contains 208 houses and 1276 inhabitants, including the hamlets of Coanse, Higher and Lower Menerdue, and Treskilling. The church, dedicated to St. Cyricus and Julieta, is a vicarage, value 10l. Prideaux, in this parish is the seat of John Coleman Rashleigh, Esq.

      MEVAGISSEY, on the English Channel, 4½ miles S. from St. Austell, contains 315 houses and 2450 inhabitants. This town is the most convenient place on the coast for the pilchard fishery, and ships of 100 tons burden may ride securely in the pool or basin. There is a weekly market, on Saturday, for provisions. The church, dedicated to St. Mevan and St. Issy, is a vicarage, value 6l. 4s. 2d., in the patronage of the Earl of Mount Edgecumbe. In the chancel is a monument of Orwell Hill, of Penwarne, who died in 1614, with figures of himself and his wife, Mary. There are also monuments of Lewis Dart, of Pentuan, obit. 1632; and of Richard Carew, of Penwarne, obit. 1640.
      At Trelevan was a strong chalybeate spring, called the Brass Well, now destroyed. Porth Mellin fishing cove is partly in this parish.

      ST. MEWAN, one mile S.W. from St. Austell, contains 199 houses and 1174 inhabitants, including the hamlets of Burngullo, Polgooth, and Trewoon. It is a rectory, value 10l.
      At Polgooth is a celebrated tin mine, which for many years proved a source of large profit to its proprietors. From the extensive nature of the works carried on at this mine, the whole surface of the country in its vicinity presents a singular aspect. The quantity of ore which has been raised from Polgooth mine, during the progress of its working, is beyond calculation: the immense piles of earth which have been excavated and thrown up, have quite a mountainous appearance, amidst which, roads have been formed in several directions, leading to the shafts where miners are at work. The number of shafts sunk in this mine, amount to nearly fifty, and since the introduction of steam engines, the operations have considerably increased, as the water is now raised to the level of the audits, which before, had in some cases, overflowed certain parts of the mine.
      The several tin stream works in this neighbourhood, are particularly deserving attention; one is near Pentuan, and in the parish of Luxulion are several works of a similar nature. The wood tin is mostly found in the stream works, and small particles of gold are also frequently found, but are mostly incorporated with tin crystals in streaks.
      The Crennis Copper Mine is about two miles eastward from St. Austell, where the ore found is extremely rich.

      ROCHE, or Roach, 5 miles W. from St. Austell, and 7 miles W. from Bodmin, contains 158 houses and 1425 inhabitants, including the hamlets of Belovely and Tregoss. The name of the parish is improperly written St. Roche, as it is known to have been called Roche long before the only saint in the calendar of that name was born, and was doubtless denominated from a remarkable craggy rock of granite, about a quarter of a mile south-westward from the church, it rises on an open heath, and forms a conspicuous and striking object to the surrounding country; on this rock are the remains of a chapel, dedicated to St. Michael. The parish church, dedicated to St. Gomonda, is a rectory, value 20l.
      Hensborough Beacon is partly in this parish.

      ST. SAMPSON'S, Golant or Glant, on the river Fowey, 3 miles N. from Fowey, and 4 miles S. from Lostwithiel, contains 41 houses and 248 inhabitants. The parish, formerly a chapelry to Tywardreth, is a curacy. The manor or honor of Lantyan, was amongst the ancient possessions of the Montacutes, Earls of Salisbury, who had a castle here, the site of which is called Castle Dore, and anciently Dirford. Peneoite or Penquit, is the seat of Thomas Graham, Esq., and Great Torfrey, of — Sleman, Esq.

      ST. STEPHEN'S, in Brannell, on the river Fal, 4 miles W. from St. Austell, and 7 miles N.E. from Truro, contains 428 houses and 2479 inhabitants. It is a curacy. The parish church contains a monument of Hugh Wolridge, a physician, who died in 1652. The manor of Brannel was granted by King John to Richard Earl of Cornwall, who gave it to Richard Cornwall, his natural son, by Joan Valletort, the widow of Sir Alexander Oakeston. Godfrey Cornwall, a Carmelite friar, author of several learned works about the year 1300, was of this family, and is said to have been born at the manor house. From the Cornwalls, Brannel passed, by successive female heirs, to the families of Hendower, Tregarthyn, and Tanner. It was afterwards purchased by Sir John Baber, who sold it to Thomas Pitt, of Boconnoc, and is now the property of Lady Grenville. Court, the manor house of Brannel, has been pulled down; the Tanners were the last family who inhabited it. In this parish are the clay pits, whence immense quantities of the clay or china stone have been exported for the porcelian manufactories in Staffordshire and Wales. In the manufacture of crucibles, at Truro, it has been found of much value. The china stone works are conducted upon a very extensive scale.

      TYWARDRETH, 3½ S. from Lostwithiel, and the same distance N.W. from Fowey, contains 180 houses and 1238 inhabitants, including the hamlets of Highway, Par, and Polkerris. The church, dedicated to St. Andrew, is a vicarage, value 9l. 6s. 8d. In the chancel is a marble slab, with a cross flory, in memory of Thomas Colyns, prior of Tywardreth, who died in 1532. There are also monuments in the church for Robert Harris, major-general of His Majesty's forces before Plymouth, who died in 1635, and for Jane, wife of Philip Rashleigh, who died in 1795.
      The foundation of a Benedictine priory at Tywardreth, dedicated to St. Andrew, and which was a cell to the monastery of St. Sergius and St. Bacchus in Normandy, has been attributed to Richard, steward of the household, either under the King, or the Earl of Cornwall. Richard Dapifer, was the immediate ancestor, in the male line, of the families of Fitz Richard and Fitz Williams, and in the female line, of the Cardinhams also. He held the manor of Tywardreth, and twenty-eight other manors, under the Earl of Cornwall, at the time of the Domesday survey, and is mentioned as the earliest benefactor to this monastery, in the charter of King Henry III.
      The priory of Tywardreth was suppressed, as an alien priory, by the parliament at Leicester, in the year 1414, but appears to have been restored, and to have continued till the general dissolution of the smaller convents, when its possessions were valued at 123l.9s. 3d. clear yearly income. The site of the priory, of which there are now no remains, with the manor, grange, &c. was granted, in 1542, to Edward Earl of Hertford. It is now the property of Lord de Dunstanville. At Menabilly is a chapel, erected in 1815. Menabilly, the seat of William Rashleigh, Esq., 2 miles W. from Fowey, is in this parish, as also is Kilmarth, another seat of the family, before they succeeded to the Menabilly estate. The southern front of Menabilly commands a view of the sea; and the house contains a few fine drawings and portraits, but it is chiefly remarkable as containing a cabinet of minerals, said to be the finest in England. It was from this collection that the work was published, entitled "Specimens of British Minerals, selected from the Cabinet of Philip Rashleigh, Esq., in two parts." —1797, and 1802, 4to. The plates are from drawings by Underwood and Bone; amongst the plates is a section of the stream work at Poth. The collection is deposited in a spacious apartment, fitted up with cases to prevent the specimens from being injured, many of them being of considerable value and scarcity. In the cabinet are some very magnificent oxide of tin, fluors, malachite, and some very rare varieties of sulphuret of copper; wood tin, forming a vein in a matrix of quartz, to one side of which adheres a fragment of rock. An account of this is given in the first volume of the Transactions of the Penzance Geological Society. Here are also some fine specimens of yellow copper ore, with opal, triple sulphuret of antimony, copper, and lead, in various forms; ruby copper, in cubes; quartz, with water in globules; topazes, of beautiful lustre; and green fluor, in crystals, with twenty-four sides, besides many other highly interesting specimens. At Polkerris is a fishery, which supplies Bodmin and other markets.

WESTERN DIVISION.

      St. ALLEN, 4 miles N. from Truro, contains 84 houses and 471 inhabitants, including the hamlets of Laner and Zelah, or Zealla. It is a vicarage, value 8l. 13s. 4d., in the patronage of the Bishop of Exeter. The Bishop of Exeter had, at an early period, a castle at Laner, which was dilapidated in the reign of Edward IV. The manor of Laner, in this parish, was an appendage to the bishop's manor of Cargoll, in the parish of Newlyn; and the mansion here was for many years one of the seats of the Bishops of Exeter, till the reign of Henry VIII., when Bishop Vesey leased it to Clement Throckmorton, cup-bearer to Queen Katherine Parr; from him the lease passed by successive conveyances to the families of Williams and Borlase. There are now scarcely any remains of the ancient house. Gwarnicke, in the reign of Elizabeth, was a seat of John Arundell, commonly called Black Arundell, from his always wearing a black dress. He, dying without issue, gave the estate to his kinsman Prideaux. It is now the property of the Rev. Charles Prideaux Brune, of Padstow. There was a chapel attached to the house, which, together with the old hall, curiously timbered with Irish oak, was remaining in 1736, but has since been pulled down, and a farm-house built on the site, with the materials.
      Trerice, in this parish, was a seat of a younger branch of the Arundells, of Trerice, in the parish of Newlyn.

      St. ANTHONY, in Roseland, a promontory of the southern coast, on the eastern side of Falmouth harbour, one mile from St. Mawes, and 11 miles S.W. from Tregony, contains 31 houses and 179 inhabitants. It is a curacy, in the presentation of Admiral Spry. In Roseland was a small priory of Austin canons, subordinate to that of Plymton, in Devonshire, to which monastery the church of St. Anthony, the king and Martyr, was given, before the middle of the twelfth century, by Robert Chichester, Bishop of Exeter. The estate was granted, as part of the possessions of the prior and convent of Plymton, by Henry VIII., in the year 1547, to Thomas Goodwin. This estate has now been for many generations in the possession of the family of Spry and Place; on the site of the priory is the seat of Admiral Thomas Spry, who is also Lord of the manor of Bohurtha, in this parish. On the western promontory of Roseland was formerly a chapel dedicated to St. Anne.

      St. CLEMENT'S, on the river Fal, 2 miles S.E. from Truro, contains 400 houses and 2306 inhabitants, including part of the suburbs of Truro within the parish. It is a vicarage, value 9l., in the patronage of the crown. In the church is a monument, by Bacon, of Samuel Thomas, Esq., of Tregolls, who died in 1796. and a mural tablet for Honor wife of John Thomas, who died in 1777 ætat 93.
      The castle of Moresk, in this parish, is said to have been the residence of Edmund Earl of Cornwall. It was in ruins in the reign of Edward IV., and there are now no remains of the building. The duchy manor of Moresk, comprising the greater part of this parish, was sold, in 1799, to Henry Prynne Andrew, Esq. of Bodrean. Trewythenick, or Trennick, cottage is the residence of Mr. Bate, but the manor is the property of the Earl of Falmouth. Polwhele is the property of the Rev. R. Polwhele, author of the Histories of Cornwall and Devonshire, and other works; whose ancestors are said to have been settled here before the Norman conquest. Penarth or Penair House, the seat of Captain Barrington Reynolds, R.N. was rebuilt by Rear Admiral Reynolds, who died in 1811. Park is the seat of Miss Warrick. Penhellick or Penmont House was built by William Macarmicke, Esq., afterwards deputy-governor of Cape Breton, but is now the property of Mr. Williams of St. Enoder. Penkalenick, on the banks of the river Fal, is the seat of John Vivian, Esq.

      CORNELLY, on the banks of the river Fal, one mile W. from Tregony, contains 26 houses and 168 inhabitants. The church, dedicated to St. Cornelius, is a vicarage, value 20l. 12s., in the patronage of the crown. The manor house of Grogoth, which was the ancient name of the parish, was formerly one of the seats of the family of Trevanion of Carhayes.

      CREED, 2 miles N. from Tregoney, and one mile S. from the borough of Grampound, the greater part of which is in this parish, contains 36 houses and 279 inhabitants. The church, dedicated to St. Creed, is a rectory, value 13l. 6s. 8d., in the patronage of the crown. In the chancel are some monuments of the family of Quarme of Nancor. Garlinneck is the seat of the Rev. George Moore.

      ST. ERME, 3½ miles N. from Truro, contains 105 houses and 561 inhabitants, including the hamlets of Trevispan or Trispan, Stairfoot, and Tresilian. It is a rectory, value 22l. 13s. 4d., in the patronage of the Rev. Luttrel Wynne, L.L.D., lord of the manor of Polsew, to which the advowson has always been attached. In the chancel are monuments of Robert Trencreek of Trencreek, in the parish of Creed, who died in the year 1594; of Joan, wife of John Coke of Tregasow, obiit 1630; and of John Jagoe, of Truthan, obiit 1652, he married the coheiress of the families of Vivian and Kingdon, and left four daughters, married into the families of Carminow, Penwarne, Polwhele, and Mohun. Killigrew, in this parish, belonged to the ancient family to whom it gave name, and they continued to possess it till about the year 1636, but there are no remains of the house, the site of which is now an arable field. Ennis, formerly a seat of the Opies, was sold, in the reign of James I. to an ancestor of Samuel Jagoe, Esq. of Truthan. Trevorgan Vean is the seat of Hugh Ley, and Trevellow is the seat of George Simmons.

      FEOCK, or Feoke, on the river Fal, 4 miles S. from Truro, and the same distance N.E. from Penryn, contains 198 houses and 1093 inhabitants, including the hamlet of Trevella. The church, dedicated to St. Feock, is a vicarage, value 11l., in the patronage of the Bishop of Exeter.
      Trelissick House, the seat of Thomas Daniell, Esq., is surrounded by some of the most romantic and picturesque scenery of this county. The mansion was erected in the year 1824, from designs by P. F. Robinson, in the Ionic style of architecture, the proportions of the portico on the southern front being similar to those of the temple of Erectheus at Athens: other parts are derived from the temple of Minerva Polias. The house is not only classical in exterior character, but is replete with accommodation, adapted to the comforts of a gentleman's family. The wings have only one story above ground, and are appropriated to a dining room and drawing room; connected with these, are a breakfast room and a morning room. The entrance is on the western side of the house; the hall, communicating with a principal staircase. On the northern side of the hall is a library, opening upon a gentleman's room, dressing room, and bath; a bed chamber and dressing room complete the apartments on this story. On the bed-chamber floor are ten rooms: there are besides numerous offices.
      Placed on the acclivity of a hill, at some distance from the western shore of the river Fal, this mansion commands extensive and varied views, comprising the shores of the Estuary, the Black Rock, the entrance to Falmouth Harbour, Pendennis Castle, with the boundless ocean beyond, and the well wooded grounds of Trefusis, the seat of Lord Clinton, amongst the most prominent and interesting features.
      Kilganoon, another mansion in this parish, is the seat of Admiral Spry.

      FILLEY, or Philleigh, 6 miles S.E. from Truro, and the same distance S.W. from Tregoney, contains 68 houses and 395 inhabitants, including the hamlets of Couches, Trewoolas, Treworshall, and White Lane. The church, dedicated to St. Felix, is a rectory, value 15l. 6s. Tolverne, in this parish, was the seat of the Arundells, from the reign of Richard II. to that of Charles I.; the site of the ancient mansion is now occupied by a farm house.

      GERRANS, or Gerrance, on the English Channel, N.E. from Falmouth, 5 miles by water, and about a mile and a half by water from St. Mawes. It is 8 miles S.W. from Tregoney, and contains 157 houses and 732 inhabitants, including the hamlets of Polskatho and Trewithian. The church, dedicated to St. Gerend, is a rectory, value 15l. 12s. 6d., in the patronage of the Bishop of Exeter. About a mile and a quarter from the church is Dingerein, an ancient fortification, supposed to have been the residence of King Gerennius. Tregeare, in this parish, has belonged from time immemorial to the see of Exeter, and was in ancient times a seat of the bishops. It is now occupied as a farm house, on the estate belonging to John Kempe, Esq. Trewithian is the property of Matthew Garland Cregoe, Esq.

      GRAMPOUND, on the river Fal, 5 miles W. from St. Austell, and 8 miles E. from Truro, contains 102 houses and 668 inhabitants. The name of the borough is derived from a bridge over the Fal, and the town principally consists of one street, in the road from Plymouth to the Land's End, nearly in the centre of which stand its very ancient chapel and market house. The chapel is dedicated to St. Nunn, and divine service is performed on Sunday afternoon, by the rector of Creed, in which parish the borough is principally situated. The market is held weekly on Saturday, but is inconsiderable: there are annual fairs on 18th January and 15th June. Another fair, called Grampound fair, formerly held on the 25th March, in that part of the borough which is in the parish of Probus, has for many years been transferred to the village of Probus, about two miles westward from Grampound, these are all cattle fairs. The corporation of Grampound exists by prescription, there being no charter extant; it consists of a mayor and eight aldermen, a recorder, and town clerk. The mayor is elected on the Sunday before Michaelmas, and chooses two aldermen, who are styled eligers, and have the power of choosing eleven freemen; these form a jury, who make presentments, appoint persons to municipal offices, and have the power to choose new freemen, the number of whom is indefinite. The seal of the borough bears a representation of a bridge of two arches over a river: on the bridge is a shield, charged with the arms of Richard Earl of Cornwall, and round the seal is inscribed, "Sigillum maioris et Burgensium Burgi de Grandpont als Ponsmeer." It formerly sent two members to parliament, but about the year 1822, the borough was disfranchised, when two additional members were allowed to be returned for the county of York.

      KEA, on the river Fal, 2 miles S. from Truro, contains 404 houses and 3142 inhabitants, including the hamlet of Calinnick and part of Chasewater. The church, dedicated to St. Kea, which stands alone, is a curacy to Kenwyn. The first copper mines worked with success in Cornwall, were those on the estate of Blanchlands in this parish; the manor of Blanchlands now belongs to the Earl of Falmouth. Seviork, in this parish, is a seat of the family of Alleyne or Allen.

      KENWYN, one mile N.W. from Truro, a considerable part of the suburbs of which are in this parish, contains 1131 houses and 6221 inhabitants, including the hamlets of Chasewater, part of which is in the parish of Kea. The church, dedicated to St. Cuby, is a vicarage united with Kea, value 16l., in the patronage of the Bishop of Exeter.
      The manor of Tregavethan, which is nearly surrounded by the parish of Kenwyn, is deemed extra parochial. It belonged successively to the families of Tregodick, Crosse, Bawden, Vincent, and Knight, and became the property of Earl Nugent, in consequence of his marriage with the widow of John Knight, Esq., of Gosfield Hall, in Essex. There are 13 houses and 66 inhabitants on the estate, which is divided into tenements, held under the manor. The manor house, which was the seat of the Tregodicks, and afterwards of the Laugherne family, has been pulled down; near it was a chapel, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, with a cemetery.

      LAMORRAN, or Lanmoran, on the river Fal, or Lamorran Creek, 5 miles S.E. from Truro, and 3½ S.W. from Tregoney, contains 17 houses and 93 inhabitants, including the hamlet of Tregennan. The church, dedicated to St. Moran, is a rectory, value 6l. In the chancel is a monument of John Verman, who died in 1658.

      ST. MAWES, on the English Channel, in the parish of St. Just, in Roseland, 2 miles E. from Falmouth across the harbour, contains 302 houses and 1648 inhabitants, including the village of St. Just, and the hamlets of Bogullos and Bohurra. The town, in various records, is called St. Mawes, alias St. Mary's, probably as having belonged to the priory of St. Mary at Plymton. Whitaker describes St. Mawes' Well in this town, and says there was a chapel close to it; this chapel is doubtless the same which, in the registers of the see of Exeter, is called the chapel of St. Maudreit.
      Here is a weekly market, on Friday, for butchers' meat, and there was formerly a fair on the Friday after the festival of St. Luke, but it has been some time disused. St. Mawes' Castle was built by King Henry VIII. for the protection of Falmouth Harbour, in 1542, during the war with France. After the dissolution of monasteries, the castle, with the lands which had belonged to the priory of Plymton, was given to Michael Vyvyan, who was the first governor; it continued, for several generations, to be held by the Vyvyan family. The present governor is General Sir George Nugent, Bart., D.C.L., of Waddesden, in Buckinghamshire, and the lieutenant-governor is Colonel A. Cameron. St. Mawes' Castle consists of low circular towers, with one more lofty, and rising from or near the centre; it is constructed on the brow of a steep rocky shore, and commands the entrance to the harbour, it being on a point of land nearly opposite the castle of Pendennis. The castle is not now fortified, but there is an open battery below, near the blockhouse.
      A chapel was erected at St. Mawes in 1812. The manor extends over the whole creek and harbour, and the lord has right to duties for anchorage, bushelage, &c., and is entitled to wrecks, &c. The fishery at Bohurra is an open fishery, but the lord of that manor has acquired, by usage, the right of fishery at St. Anthony Mill seat.
      The parish church of St. Just, in Roseland, is a rectory, value 37l. 0s. 10d., in the patronage of the Bishop of Exeter.

      MERTHER, on the river Fal, or St. Clement's Creek, 3 miles E. from Truro, and 4 miles W. from Tregoney, contains 64 houses and 370 inhabitants, including the hamlets of Long Lane and Tressillian Bridge. It is a curacy to the vicarage of Probus. Tresawsen, in this parish, was the seat of the family of Hals, and was the residence of William Hals, author of a Parochial History of Cornwall, brought down to the year 1736, and printed by A. Brice, at Truro, about 1750, in ten folio numbers, which are extremely scarce. Mr. Hals died at St. Wenn, near St. Columb, in 1739.
      At Tressillian Bridge, over the river Fal, about a mile above Merther, a treaty was signed between Lord Hopton and the parliament, in March 1646. There are cattle fairs at Tressillian Bridge on the second Monday in February, and on the Monday before Whit Sunday. There is said to have been a monastery of poor Clares at this place, founded by the Carminow family.
      Tressillian House is the seat of R. G. Bennett, Esq.

      ST. MICHAEL PENKEVIL, between the Mopas and Fal rivers, 3 miles S.E. from Truro, and 5 miles S.W. from Tregoney, contains 34 houses and 167 inhabitants. It is a rectory, value 9l. 14s. 2d., in the patronage of the Earl of Falmouth; in the parish church are several monuments of the Boscawen family; the earliest is that of Hugh Boscawen, who married one of the coheiresses of Carminow, and died in the year 1559. The monument of Admiral Boscawen, executed by Rysbrach, from a design by Adam, contains his bust, surrounded by naval trophies, and a long inscription by his accomplished widow; Admiral Boscawen was a very distinguished officer: his most prominent services were the capture of Louisburgh and its dependencies, in 1758, which led to the conquest of Canada, and the defeat of a detachment of the French fleet, in 1759, off Cape Lagos. He was one of the lords of the admiralty from 1751 till his death. He died 10th January, 1761, at Hatchland's Park, in the parish of East Clandon, in Surrey, a seat he had just finished, at the expense of the enemies of his country. In the chancel is an intagliated brass plate, the figure of a priest, John Tembras, obiit 1515, and in the south aisle the figure of a man in armour, John Trenowth, obiit 1479.
      Tregothnan came into the possession of the Boscawen family, in marriage with the heiress of Tregothnan, in the fourteenth century. Hugh Boscawen was, in 1720, created Viscount Falmouth and Lord Boscawen of Boscawen Rose; his descendant was created Earl of Falmouth, 9th July, 1821.
      Tregothnan House, the principal seat of the Earl of Falmouth, stands on an elevated spot, near the river Fal, commanding a most beautiful view of the windings of that river, and its various contributary branches; between Truro and Tregothnan the river swells into a large basin, whence, extending in width, it forms the harbour of Falmouth, and falls into the British Channel within view. On the land side also the prospect is very extensive over Roseland, a richly wooded country. The mansion was erected in 1814, from designs by Wilkins, in the Tudor style of architecture; the irregularity of form, and variety of enrichment, peculiar to the edifices of that period, have been adopted with some attention to propriety, the ornamental battlements and decorated turrets surmounting the whole, have a pleasing effect, while the sculptured compartments and mullioned windows contribute to produce a uniformity of design in this magnificent building. The staircase, forty-two feet in height, occupies a large central tower, and is entered from a gallery opening upon the porch. Around this gallery are disposed a breakfast room, billiard room, study, dining room, and drawing room. The only parts of the interior of the mansion which partake of the architectural character of the outer walls, are the gallery and staircase which branches off from a central flight to the apartments above, the ceiling of the staircase is highly enriched. A broad terrace, with a parapet, extends round the whole building, having a descent to a remarkably fine lawn, environed by plantations of the greatest variety of shrubs and evergreens. A pleasant drive in the park is formed on the banks of the river, some miles in extent, and a bathing house is erected for the use of the family.
      Fentongollan, in this parish, was formerly a seat of the Carminow family. John Carminow of Fentongollan, in the reign of Elizabeth, was more famous for his wealth than any other of his name or house, or than the head of any other family then in Cornwall; he kept open house for all comers and goers, drinkers, minstrels, dancers, &c., during the Christmas time: his usual allowance of provision for those twelve days was twelve fat bullocks, twenty Cornish bushels of wheat, equal to fifty Winchester bushels, thirty-six sheep, with hogs, lambs, and fowls of all sorts, and drink made of wheat and oat malt proportionable. Barley malt was at that time little used in this part of the country. Oliver Carminow, son of John, squandered away the greater part of his estate, and in 1600 it was sold by his heir. In 1676, Fentongollan was purchased by Hugh Boscawen, Esq., who pulled down the old mansion with its lofty towers and chapel attached.

      PROBUS, 5 miles N.E. from Truro, and 3 miles N.W. from Tregoney, contains 234 houses and 1353 inhabitants. Here are four annual fairs, held on the 5th April, 23d April, 5th July, and 17th September, which are all large fairs for horses and cattle. The church, dedicated to St. Probus, is a vicarage, value 13l. 16s. 8d., in the patronage of the Bishop of Exeter. It has a very handsome tower, built in the reign of Elizabeth. In the chancel is a monument of the last male heir of the Wolvedon family, who died in 1512; and a monument of Thomas Hawkins, Esq. The church and the rectorial estate formerly belonged to a college of canons at Probus, which consisted of a dean and five prebendaries; in the year 1268, Henry de Bollegh, dean of Probus, conveyed the patronage to the Bishop of Exeter, and his successors for ever. The prebendaries continued till the reformation, when the college was dissolved, and the lands were granted, in 1549, to Sir Thomas Pomeroy; the estate was afterwards the property of Sir Christopher Hawkins, bart., of Trewithan. Trewithan, in this parish, is a large mansion, commanding a diversified prospect.
      Golden, a seat of the Tregyan family, erected in the reign of Henry VIII., exhibits some remains of its original architecture, consisting of a gatehouse and chapel, with the chaplain's apartment: it is occupied as a farm house.
      Trehane, the seat of William Stackhouse, Esq., is also in this parish.

      RUAN LANYHORNE, on the river Fal, 5½ miles S.E. from Truro, contains 48 houses and 376 inhabitants, including the hamlet of Treworga. The church, dedicated to St. Rumon, is a rectory, value 12l., in the patronage of Corpus Christi College in Oxford. In the chancel is a monument of the learned John Whitaker, B.D., author of the History of Manchester, &c., who was thirty years rector of this parish: he died 4th November, 1808, æt. 72.
      There are no remains of Lanyhorne Castle, the seat of the Archdekne family, the last tower of which was pulled down in the year 1718. Some cottages have been built on the site. The manors of Lanyhorne and Ellerkey were formerly held under the honor of Launceston, by the annual render of a brace of greyhounds. Treviles, in this parish, is the seat of Admiral William Luke.

      TREGONEY, on the river Fal, 8 miles E. from Truro, and 248 miles from London, contains 182 houses and 1035 inhabitants, within the borough, which is in the parish of Cuby. Here is a weekly market, on Saturday, for butchers' meat and other provisions, and five annual fairs, on Shrove Tuesday, 3d May, 23d July, 1st September, and 6th November. Both the fairs and market were formerly considerable, and noted for the sale of woollen cloth, of which there was a manufactory at Tregoney. The burgesses of this town were incorporated by King James I., in 1620, by the style of mayor, recorder, and eight capital burgesses, the senior of whom is a justice of the peace. The seal of Tregoney bears a shield, charged with a pomegranate, seeded, slipped, and leaved, the arms of the borough, and inscribed, "Sigill . com . Burgo . de . Trigoni." Tregoney Castle, of which there are no remains, is said to have been built by Henry de Pomeroy, on behalf of John Earl of Cornwall, at the time that King Richard I. was in the Holy Land. Its site was at the lower end of the town, before the hospital, and it was standing in the reign of Edward IV., when the castle was the seat of the Pomeroys. The Earl of Falmouth is now lord of the manor of Tregoney. On the northern side of the town stood old Tregoney, where was a church, dedicated to St. James, which belonged to the Abbey de Valle, in Normandy, and was given by that convent in the year 1267, to the priory of Merton, in Surrey, together with the priory of Tregoney, the site of which was opposite the castle.
      The parish church of Cuby stands just above the town, it is a vicarage, value 10l. 4s. 2d., in the patronage of the Duke of Cleveland. In the chancel is a monument of Hugh Pomeroy of Tregoney Pomeroy, who died in 1674. The parish contains 22 houses and 140 inhabitants, independent of the borough of Tregoney.

      TRURO, on the river Fal, 43 miles W. from Launceston, 22 miles from Bodmin, and 255 miles from London, contains 410 houses and 2712 inhabitants. The town, which is the handsomest, and including its suburbs, the largest town in Cornwall, excepting Falmouth, is situated in a valley, at the conflux of the rivers Kenwyn and St. Allen, which direct their streams on each side of the town, and at the bottom unite with the river Fal. Every spring tide a fine lake is formed below the town, two miles in length, and of sufficient depth to be navigable for vessels of 100 tons burden. This advantage of situation has doubtless been the principal cause of the increase of the buildings and trade. The parishes of St. Clement's and Kenwyn extend into Truro, and the town is said to be nearly three times as populous as it appears to be in the above return. The trade of Truro principally consists in exporting tin, copper, and carpeting, and in importing iron, coals, and timber for the mines, and various goods from London, Bristol, Birmingham, Sheffield, &c. Here are two market days weekly, Wednesday and Saturday, both well supplied with fish and other provisions; on Wednesday there is also a corn market, and there are four annual cattle fairs, Wednesday after Midlent and Whitsunday, 19th November and 8th December.
      The corporation of Truro, under Queen Elizabeth's charter, 1589, consists of a mayor, four aldermen, and twenty capital burgesses. The seal of the borough bears a shield charged with the arms of Truro; a ship of three masts, under sail, on each mast a banner of St. George, on the waves of the sea; in base, two fishes. It has no inscription. The Easter quarter sessions are held here, and Truro is one of the coinage towns; of late years, indeed, the coinages, with few exceptions, have been only here and at Penzance. The vice warden's court, of the duchy, is held at Truro. The borough returns two members to parliament, who at present are the Right Hon. Lieutenant-General Sir Richard Hussey Vivian, Bart. K.C.B., of Beechwood Lodge in Hampshire, and William Tooke, Esq.
      In the town of Truro was a nunnery of poor Clares, situated at the entrance of what is now Lemon Street, from Boscawen Street. In Kenwyn Street was a house of Dominican friars, the site of which is now occupied by tan pits. The site of the castle of Truro, built by Richard de Lucy, chief justice of England in the reign of Henry II., is discernible, by some remains of the mount, at the top of Pyder Street; the manor was held of the honor of Launceston, by the annual render of an ivory bow. A house formerly belonging to the Robartes' family, is still standing at the N.W. corner of Boscawen or Powder Street, but its front has been altered. Sir Richard Robartes, Bart., was created Lord Robartes of Truro, in 1624. Samuel Foote, the dramatic writer and actor, was born at the house now the Red Lion Inn, 27th January, 1721, he was of the family of the Footes of Lambesso. The church, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, is a rectory, value 16l., in the patronage of the Earl of Mount Edgecumbe. It is a very handsome structure, built in the reign of Henry VIII., with a spire of modern date. In the chancel is a monument of John Robartes, who died in 1614, and a tablet in memory of Owen Fitz Pen or Phippen, who had been captive in Algiers, and died in 1636. There is an endowed grammar school at Truro, with two exhibitions at Exeter College. Gentlemen's seats in the immediate neighbourhood, are Penan, the seat of Captain Reynolds; Tregolls, of Admiral Spry; Liskis, of Richard Vincent, Esq.; Cheveyla, of John Trestrail, Esq.; and more distant, Croft West, the seat of Richard Nanis, Esq.

      VERYAN, 11 miles S.E. from Truro, and 4 miles S. from Tregoney, contains 216 houses and 1421 inhabitants, including Portloe, a fishing cove, on the English Channel. The chuich, dedicated to St. Symphoriana, is a vicarage, value 19l., in the patronage of the dean and chapter of Exeter. In the chancel is a monument of Richard Trevanion of Treeburrows, obiit 1712. In this parish are Creegsillack, the seat of John Kempe, Esq., and Behan Park, the seat of the Rev. Jeremiah Trist.